Identification of geographical indication protected Huangjiu by metabonomics combined with flavor reconstruction

With the increasing globalization of food trade, it is essential to determine the geographical origin of products quickly and effectively. In this study, we developed the identification methods for Shaoxing Huangjiu (yellow rice wine), a protected geographical indication product of Chinese Huangjiu. A method to identify the geographical origin of such products is proposed. The identification models of Huangjiu from different origins were constructed based on untargeted metabolomics combined with stoichiometry, and the similarities and differences of Huangjiu from different origins were evaluated. The results showed that 53 flavor substances were the origin markers of Shaoxing Huangjiu. There are significant differences among 19 flavor substances in Huangjiu from different sources. Heptanoic acid, guaiacol, phenol and 2-acetylpyrrole are the unique volatile substances in Shaoxing Huangjiu. The application of the research results will be of great significance to maintain the stability of Huangjiu geographical indication protection product market.