Liquid deposition modelling 3D printing of semiconductor tin sulphide (SnS) thin film for application in optoelectronic and electronic devices

This study is focused on the investigation of three-dimensional (3D) printed SnS thin film and the optimisation of SnS thin film thickness by additive layer deposition of the film using three-dimensional printing system based on liquid deposition modelling (LDM). Voids in separate island-like state and traps associated with certain film thickness affect charge carriers due to the presence of large grain boundaries associated with small grains which acts as electron trap thus affecting SnS thin film's optical band gap energy and electrical conductivity among others. SnS thin films were printed on glass substrate using LDM-3D printing. Surface Profilometer, Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, X-ray diffractometer, Scanning electron microscope, Uv-vis spectrophotometer and four point probe were used to characterise the SnS thin films. The conductivity of 0.002987 (Ωm)-1 and optical energy band gap of 1.37 eV of 0.6 μm 3D printed SnS thin film was optimum and favours the attainment of the threshold voltage for optoelectronic and electronic application. The results demonstrate the potential of the LDM-3D printing of thin film for materials deposition and application which provides a new way of layer thickness variation and levelling of semiconductor thin film.