内吞作用
α病毒
内吞循环
生物
病毒包膜
病毒进入
细胞生物学
脂质双层融合
辛德比斯病毒
病毒
甲病毒感染
液泡
病毒学
胞吐
核糖核酸
细胞
病毒复制
膜
细胞质
遗传学
基因
作者
Ricardo Vancini,Raquel Hernandez,Dennis T. Brown
出处
期刊:Progress in Molecular Biology and Translational Science
日期:2015-01-01
卷期号:: 33-62
被引量:18
标识
DOI:10.1016/bs.pmbts.2014.10.002
摘要
Viruses have evolved to exploit the vast complexity of cellular processes for their success within the host cell. The entry mechanisms of enveloped viruses (viruses with a surrounding outer lipid bilayer membrane) are usually classified as being either endocytotic or fusogenic. Different mechanisms have been proposed for Alphavirus entry and genome delivery. Indirect observations led to a general belief that enveloped viruses can infect cells either by protein-assisted fusion with the plasma membrane in a pH-independent manner or by endocytosis and fusion with the endocytic vacuole in a low-pH environment. The mechanism of Alphavirus penetration has been recently revisited using direct observation of the processes by electron microscopy under conditions of different temperatures and time progression. Under conditions nonpermissive for endocytosis or any vesicular transport, events occur which allow the entry of the virus genome into the cells. When drug inhibitors of cellular functions are used to prevent entry, only ionophores are found to significantly inhibit RNA delivery. Arboviruses are agents of significant human and animal disease; therefore, strategies to control infections are needed and include development of compounds which will block critical steps in the early infection events. It appears that current evidence points to an entry mechanism, in which alphaviruses infect cells by direct penetration of cell plasma membranes through a pore structure formed by virus and, possibly, host proteins.
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