Lyophilization of Proteins

This chapter describes the methods that can be applied to successfully freeze-dry proteins. Laboratory applications are given at small scale, typified by the purification of a protein intermediate as part of the analytical characterization of a protein, and at intermediate scale, as illustrated by the pilot development of a lyophilized protein reference material such as for use in bioassay or immunoassay. Advice on common problems with freeze-drying of proteins is also given.