The effects of electrolytes, electrolyte/electrode interphase, and binders on lithium-ion batteries at low temperature

Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) have been widely used in energy storage areas owing to their high energy density and long life span. However, LIBs without thermal protection could not obtain excellent special capacity and cycling life at low temperature, which limits their application in hard environments. The electrolytes, electrolyte/electrode interphase, and binders significantly impact the electrochemical performance of LIBs. In this review, we first analyze the crucial effects on the properties of low-temperature electrolytes such as ionic conductivity, lithium-ion transference number, and desolvation of solvated lithium-ion and provide the research progress. Then, we dissect the factors in electrolyte/electrode interphase and binders at low temperature and give the feasible solutions. Finally, in order to further improve the electrochemical performance of LIBs at low temperature, we introduce the promising strategies and solutions in terms of electrolytes, electrolyte/electrode interphase, and binders.