Advancements, Challenges, and Future Trends of Vehicle‐to‐Grid Technologies: A Review

Within the evolving energy framework, vehicle‐to‐grid (V2G) technologies are demonstrating operational integration capabilities in modern power systems, blending sustainability with technological innovation and economic opportunity. This article presents a comprehensive investigation into V2G technologies, offering insights into bidirectional power flow, seamless integration of renewable sources, and intelligent charging strategies. It critically examines the challenges associated with V2G implementation, including technical complexities, infrastructure demands, battery management, and the need for standardized protocols. Furthermore, the article explores emerging trends such as vehicle‐to‐home (V2H) and vehicle‐to‐building (V2B) concepts, the role of artificial intelligence and predictive analytics in optimizing V2G systems, and the symbiotic relationship between V2G and the electrification of public transportation. By analyzing these multifaceted dimensions, this article provides a roadmap to harnessing V2G's potential, reshaping energy distribution dynamics, fostering sustainability across sectors, and redefining the future of transportation and energy management.