Recent advances and current trends in optical fiber biosensors based on tilted fiber Bragg gratings

Tilted fiber Bragg gratings (TFBGs) have been shown to possess many unique features that allow for the development of accurate sensors, especially in the biochemical realm, without excessive investments in fabrication or interrogation costs. Cross-sensitivities (including to temperature) are particularly well addressed in TFBGs, as well as simultaneous multiparameter sensing, due to their multiresonant properties. Here, after a brief review of the main characteristics of TFBGs, including interrogation and data extraction techniques, many applications will be outlined and the most recent achievements will be described through examples from the literature. This article will close with ideas for further development, in particular for better using the vast amount of data provided by TFBGs, thanks to new opportunities in machine learning and artificial intelligence.