Bibliometric and visual analysis of scleral contact lenses: global characteristics and research trends from 1976 to 2023

AIM: To gain insight into the future research directions in scleral contact lenses (SCLs) through a comprehensive bibliometrics study. METHODS: The publications related to SCLs were screened from the Web of Science Core Collection (WOSCC) database. All bibliographic information was extracted and used to conduct a performance analysis. CiteSpace and VOSviewer were employed to visualize annual publication counts, journals, authors, countries, institutions, collaboration networks, keywords, and references. RESULTS: A total of 498 articles were included in our analysis and the number of publications about SCLs showed a significant yearly increase. These publications predominantly emanated from 523 institutions across 38 countries, with the United States and Australia leading in frequency. Totally 1361 authors were identified, among whom Vincent J. Stephen exhibited the highest number of publications, while Jacobs S. Deborah received the most citations. Notably, the journal Contact Lens & Anterior Eye emerged as the primary publisher of studies, and it also boasted the highest citation rate. “Fluid-ventilated, gas-permeable scleral contact lens is an effective option for managing severe ocular surface disease and many corneal disorders that would otherwise require penetrating keratoplasty” was the most cited paper published in eye & contact lens in 2005. The most prevalent keywords encompassed “keratoconus”, “scleral contact lenses”, “management”, “contact lenses”, “scleral contact lens”, “ocular surface disease”, “dry eye”, and “contact lens”. CONCLUSION: Although SCLs have demonstrated significant potential in ophthalmological care, the results offer valuable insights pertinent to future research directions and clinical practice. Greater emphasis should be placed on developing enhancements in design, materials, and fitting technique, as well as on reducing the complications associated with SCLs.