Plasma amino acid signatures and cardiometabolic risk: Cause or consequence?

Elevated plasma BCAA, aromatic amino acid (AAA), glutamate, low glycine, and a reduced glutamine-to-glutamate ratio are consistently linked to higher cardiometabolic risk, with impaired BCAA metabolism playing a bidirectional role in insulin resistance. Targeting BCAA catabolism may help lower BCAAs and their metabolites, offering a potential strategy to reduce cardiometabolic risk.