Intranasal Delivery of Quillaja brasiliensis Saponin-Based Nanoadjuvants Improve Humoral Immune Response of Influenza Vaccine in Aged Mice

Increasing the effectiveness of vaccines against respiratory viruses is particularly relevant for the elderly, since they are prone to develop serious infections due to comorbidities and the senescence of the immune system. The addition of saponin-based adjuvants is an interesting strategy to increase the effectiveness of vaccines. We have previously shown that ISCOM matrices from