Mitochondrial dynamics under conditions of hypoxia

As is known mitochondria are not static organelles, and depending on the metabolism of the cell they are capable of undergoing fission or fusion processes. These transformations are collectively termed mitochondrial dynamics and determine the quantity, shape, and size of these organelles in the cell. In recent decades, interest in studying the mechanisms of mitochondrial dynamics under normal and pathological conditions has increased. Proteins that regulate the fission and fusion of mitochondrial membranes, which are activated depending on energy needs, have become known. An imbalance in the processes of division and fusion can lead to changes in cell metabolism, disruption of its numerous functions and adaptive capabilities. Recently, more and more studies have appeared on the effect of hypoxia on mitochondrial dynamics. As a rule, the connection between acute hypoxia and the levels of proteins that regulate mitochondrial fission and fusion in the cell is considered. The purpose of this article is to review the literature on changes in mitochondrial dynamics under hypoxia in embryonic and mature tissues, as well as to analyze prospects of further study of the mechanisms of mitochondrial dynamics under conditions of reduced oxygen concentration.