A Two-Stage Amplifier in a Low Power 32.768 kHz Quartz Crystal Oscillator

This work presents a low power 32.768 kHz quartz crystal oscillator in 18 nm CMOS technology. Various driving modes are available to address all quartz crystals on the market. Each mode is designed to reach the best power consumption according to the crystal requirements. Experimental results show a power consumption of 90 nA under 1.8 V supply (i.e. 162 nW) in the ultra-low power mode working with a specific quartz crystal, over a reduced temperature and power supply range.