Association of TLR4 with Alzheimer's disease risk and presymptomatic biomarkers of inflammation

Abstract Introduction A coding variant in the TLR4 receptor (rs4986790), previously associated with longevity and Alzheimer's disease (AD) risk reduction, was examined in a population isolate (Québec Founder Population [QFP]) and in presymptomatic individuals with a parental history of AD (Pre‐Symptomatic Evaluation of Novel or Experimental Treatment for Alzheimer's Disease [PREVENT‐AD]). Methods Genotyping was performed using the Illumina HumanHap 550k (QFP) and the Illumina Omni2.5 beadchips (PREVENT‐AD). Cognition was assessed using the Repeatable Battery for Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS). Whole‐brain cortical thickness data were analyzed using CIVET 1.12. Cerebrospinal fluid concentrations of cytokines were obtained by using Milliplex. Results The minor allele of the rs4986790 polymorphism (G) is associated with a reduced risk of developing AD in the QFP, as well as higher visuospatial and constructional abilities, higher cortical thickness in visual‐related regions, and stable cerebrospinal fluid IL‐1β levels in the PREVENT‐AD cohort. Discussion The rs4986790 G coding variant in the TLR4 gene appears to reduce AD risk through the modulation of IL‐1β synthesis and secretion in the presymptomatic phase of the disease.