Improvement of Alumina Dissolution from the Mechanically Activated Dross Using Ultrasound-Assisted Leaching

Aluminum dross results from the re-melting of used aluminum cans, and is a valuable resource containing alumina. In general, aluminum dross contains oxides of Al, Ca, Fe, Mg, Si and Ti and some salts. As a continuation of the previous work to recover pure alumina from the dross, the effect of employing ultrasound wave in the NaOH solution was investigated to improve the leaching percentage of alumina from the mechanically activated dross. The use of ultrasound improved the leaching percentage of alumina from 35% to 60% and resulted in a leaching solution where the purity of aluminate ion was 99%. Among the optimum conditions (5 M NaOH, 50 °C, 4 h, pulp density of 100 g/L and ultrasonic power 100 W), leaching time had a remarkable effect on the dissolution of alumina in the presence of ultrasound. The combined effect of ultrasound and the addition of CaCl2 and organic acids to the NaOH solution was also investigated. Roasting of the black dross with CaCl2 followed by ultrasound leaching did not improve the leaching percentage of alumina. The presence of organic acids in the NaOH solution increased the leaching percentage of alumina as well as silica, and thus was not favorable for recovering pure aluminate solution from the black dross. Key words: black dross, ball milling, NaOH leaching, alumina, ultrasound wave