Triboelectric nanogenerator-based early warning system for intelligent police stab-resistant body armors

The internet of things (IoT), driven by sensors, has been widely applied in intelligent monitoring, yet faces a key challenge of power supply. Triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) harvest energy with single-electrode TENGs suitable for wearables. This study designed an intelligent early warning system for police stab-resistant body armor using a triboelectric nanogenerator (PBE-TENG). Fabricated with boric acid cross-linked polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and Ecoflex, using a copper net as the electrode. The Ecoflex layer ensures comfort and signal transmission. Electrical tests show it maintains stable output (≈5 V) across frequencies, with output voltage rising from 2.6 to 3.7 V as the stab point area expands. Integrated with a signal processing module, the system achieves 95% attack type identification accuracy via linear discriminant analysis and transmits distress coordinates to the background command system via MATLAB for real-time display/alarm. This work enhances police response and safety, laying a foundation for self-powered intelligent protective gear.