Gastrodia elata blume and Gastrodia elata polysaccharide are both the main chemical constituents and the main material basis for pharmacological action in Gastrodia elata bl. Gastrodia elata blume and Gastrodia elata polysaccharide have widely used in clinical application with the treatment of nervous system,cardiovascular system and immune system diseases,and have no obvious toxic side effect. This article would have briefly reviewed pharmacological action and inherent mechanism on Gastrodia elata blume and Gastrodia elata polysaccharide.