Styrylquinoline – A Versatile Scaffold in Medicinal Chemistry

Styrylquinolines are characteristic fully aromatic compounds with flat, rather lipophilic structures. The first reports on their synthesis and biological activity were published roughly a century ago. However, their low selectivity, unfavorable toxicity and problems with their mechanism of action significantly hampered their development. As a result, they have been abandoned for most of the time since they were discovered.Their renaissance was observed by the antiretroviral activity of several styrylquinoline derivatives that have been reported to be HIV integrase inhibitors. Subsequently, other activities such as their antifungal and anticancer abilities have also been revisited.In the present review, the spectrum of the activity of styrylquinolines and their use in drug design is presented and analyzed.New properties and applications that were reported recently have re-established styrylquinolines within medicinal and material chemistry. The considerable increase in the number of published papers regarding their activity spectrum will ensure further discoveries in the field.Styrylquinolines have earned a much stronger position in medicinal chemistry due to the discovery of their new activities, profound mechanisms of action and as drug candidates in clinical trials.