Effect of Carbon Content on Variant Pairing in Bainitic Low Alloy Steel

Abstract Variant pairing in bainite was evaluated in four different commercial low alloy steels with medium to high carbon content. The steels investigated were austempered in the temperature range 275 °C to 450 °C to obtain a bainitic microstructure. It was found that the V1–V6 is the most frequent variant pairing at lower temperature, while it gradually decreases towards intermediate temperatures, and at the highest austempering temperatures the variant pairing with low misorientation boundaries such as V1–V4 and V1–V8 is the most frequent. The preferred variant pairing is the least pronounced after austempering of steels with higher carbon contents at intermediate temperature. Nonetheless, a continuous increase of variant pairing within the same Bain group was observed with increasing austempering temperature for all steels. Furthermore, it was observed that the deviation from the theoretical Kurdjumov–Sachs orientation relationship increases with increasing austempering temperature for all steels.