Brake friction composite materials: A review on classifications and influences of friction materials in braking performance with characterizations

Brake friction materials play an important role in automobiles to reduce speed and to stop the vehicles. Advances in friction materials were updated to ensure effective performances in braking systems and to provide the maximum safety and comfort. Presently eco-friendly friction materials have been used as a replacement for conventional friction materials. Many synthetic and natural products were identified and claimed as better alternatives to banned toxic materials like asbestos and copper. Friction materials developed from natural products are eco-friendly and assure a great promise when applied in modern vehicles. To develop innovative formulations, basic knowledge of common ingredients and their effects in friction materials was needed. This review focuses mainly on providing detailed information about the common ingredients used, processing methods and the characteristics of brake friction materials.