Positional and dimensional TMJ characteristics in different temporomandibular disorders: A cross-sectional comparative study

To investigate the morphological and positional temporomandibular joint (TMJ) characteristics of different temporomandibular disorders (TMDs).One hundred forty-three TMD patients were divided into three groups: Group 1: Myalgia (M), Group 2: Disc displacement with reduction (DDWR), and Group 3: Disc displacement without reduction (DDWOR). Three-dimensional positional and dimensional parameters of the TMJ, including mandibular fossa, condyle, and TMJ spaces were evaluated using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). The significance level was p < 0.05.Mandibular condyles were significantly positioned in more vertical, posterior, and medial directions, with the reduced condylar width in the DD groups (p < 0.001). Anterior joint space was significantly higher in the DDWR group than the myalgia group; the superior joint spaces were more reduced in DD groups than the myalgia group.Patients diagnosed with disc displacement showed significantly different condylar positions and joint spaces compared to the myalgia group in a skeletally comparable sample.