Long term efficacy of Video‐Assisted Anal Fistula Treatment (VAAFT) for complex fistula‐in‐ano: a single‐centre Australian experience

Abstract Background Video‐Assisted Anal Fistula Treatment (VAAFT) is a novel minimally invasive & sphincter‐saving technique for treating complex fistula‐in‐ano involving endoscopic assessment & treatment of perianal fistula. This retrospective, non‐randomized, observational study is the first Australian study of VAAFT. It is also the longest study of VAAFT to‐date. Methods From January 2014 to September 2019, 59 patients with a complex anal fistula were identified via MRI & underwent VAAFT. Fourteen patients had undergone previous definitive surgery for anal fistula. Specialized Karl Storz video equipment (fistuloscope) was used in the procedure. The rigid fistuloscope was used to directly visualize the fistula tract/s & internal opening. Closure of the internal opening was then performed. The fistula tract/s were then treated via fulguration. The external opening was kept patent & dressed. Patients were then followed up for a mean 59.5 months. Results 67.9% ( n = 38) of patients achieved primary healing (needing nil further intervention) at a median of 13 weeks. 12.5% ( n = 7) experienced healing followed by recurrence while 19.6% ( n = 11) experienced non‐healing. Of the recurrence/non‐healing groups, 11/18 underwent repeat VAAFT with healing occurring in 10/11 patients at a median of 7 weeks. The mean operating time was 41.1 min. There were no major complications & continence scores were not affected. Three patients were lost to follow up. Conclusion VAAFT is both effective & safe for the treatment of complex fistula‐in‐ano. Its minimally invasive nature means that in the instance of recurrence or persistence, VAAFT can be repeated with minimal morbidity & reasonable likelihood of success.