Hydrogen-Bond and Solvation-Shell Dual Modulation Enables Safe Gel Polymer Electrolyte for Lithium Metal Batteries

solvation, leading to the formation of inorganic-rich interphases that suppress dendrites and stabilize interfaces. The optimized NGPE achieves stable Li||Li cycling for over 2800 h and Li||LFP full cells with 74.3% capacity retention after 1000 cycles at 2 C. Pouch cells further demonstrate mechanical robustness and exceptional safety under flame tests. This dual molecular strategy provides a general design principle for safe, dendrite-free quasi-solid-state lithium metal batteries.