Thermodynamics of Silicon Nanowire Growth under Unintended Oxidation of Catalytic Particles

In this paper, we focus on the thermodynamics of redox reactions occurring during the vapor-liquid-solid (VLS) growth of silicon nanowires (NWs) with the participation of liquid solutions of metal catalysts. The growth of NWs is difficult with the participation of Ti, Al, and Mg particles; this is because in this case, the drops of the metal catalyst are strongly oxidized and crystals either do not form at all or are characterized by instability in the direction of growth. However, the particles of Cu, Ni, and Fe give a much more stable growth of NWs. We have also established that if the oxide film of catalytic particles is formed by the basic metal oxides, then the silicon-NWs' growth slows down. In this work, we have concluded that only metals with a lower chemical affinity for O2 than Si are applicable as catalysts for the NWs' growth.