[The Research and Application Progress of Heterologous Liver Transplantation].

Liver transplantation is an effective treatment for various end-stage liver diseases, and the shortage of donor livers is one of the main obstacles affecting the development of liver transplantation. Xenotransplantation holds promise as a potential solution to the organ shortage. By using gene-editing technology to modify animal genes, their physiological compatibility with humans can be improved. Combining this with new immunosuppressive drugs can reduce the occurrence of rejection, thereby increasing the survival time of the graft. Due to the more complex structure and physiological functions of the liver, inter-species incompatibility is more pronounced in liver xenotransplantation compared to heart or kidney. The molecular mechanisms related to xenograft rejection and coagulation disorders post-operation require further research. This article reviews the latest research progress domestically and internationally, the historical development of liver xenotransplantation, the main current challenges, and clinical applications, aiming to enhance clinicians' understanding of liver xenotransplantation.