Distributionally robust optimization scheduling of port energy system considering hydrogen production and ammonia synthesis

In order to effectively address the uncertainty risks of port energy system caused by intermittence and fluctuation of renewable energy, this paper proposes a scheduling method for port energy system based on distributionally robust optimization (DRO) considering ammonia synthesis after hydrogen production by water electrolysis (P2H2A), and uses real data from Tianjin Port for example analysis. The calculation results show that 1 h selected for the scheduling interval of P2H2A is reasonable, it can ensure that the ammonia synthesis reaction transitions smoothly to the new steady state, and the temperature and pressure of the ammonia converter meet safety constraints. The two-stage scheduling of port energy system based on DRO can be divided into pre-scheduling in the day-ahead stage and rescheduling in the intraday stage, which can improve the capacity of anti-risk for stochastic optimization and overcome the conservatism of robust optimization, and consider economy and robustness. Moreover, the rescheduling decision can be transformed to a prediction error function, the result of two-stage scheduling based on DRO is the pre-scheduling result, which is between the cost of stochastic optimization and robust optimization. As the Wasserstein distance-based sphere radius increases, the pre-scheduling cost of DRO gradually deviates from risk neutral stochastic optimization and leans towards risk averse robust optimization. When the Wasserstein distance-based sphere radius remains constant, the variance gradually decreases as the number of scenarios increases, which can promote the Wasserstein distance-based fuzzy set to converge to the true distribution. When the number of scenarios is greater than 15, the pre-scheduling cost will no longer fluctuate significantly, and the calculation time is in the range of 1200 s–6600 s. It can meet the demands of day-ahead scheduling calculation time. Therefore, the scheduling model has outstanding advantages in the computing time to improve the flexibility and economy of Tianjin Port's energy system scheduling, considering ammonia synthesis after hydrogen production using renewable energy.