Self-powered electroporation technologies based on triboelectric nanogenerators

The application potential of electroporation technology is limited due to its heavy reliance on a sufficient external power supply. Triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) has shown immense potential in electroporation power supply by collecting mechanical energy from the environment and efficiently converting it into electrical energy. This paper is a comprehensive review of these research works in the past 8 years. First, the principle of electroporation and the power generation principle of TENG and the working modes applied to drive electroporation are introduced in detail. Secondly, the applications of TENG-driven electroporation in both molecular delivery and disinfection are summarized and compared. Finally, the TENG-driven electroporation technique is compared with the conventional electroporation technique, the challenges faced by TENG-driven electroporation technology are discussed, and its future development direction is prospected. This review provides a reference and guidance for future applications of TENG-driven electroporation.