Impact of using high-pressure homogenization on the chemical profile, quality stability and bioactivity of hydrosol obtain from rose flower

Hydrosol is a byproduct of plant essential oil extraction during water distillation, also known as hydrolate or aromatic water, significant bioactivity. In this study, we systematically investigated the effect of high-pressure homogenization (HPH) on the chemical composition, stability and antioxidant properties of rose hydrosols. GC-MS analysis along with Raman spectroscopy were utilized to determine the chemical composition of hydrosols. The result revealed citronellol, nerol, phenylethyl alcohol and linalool were predominant compounds in hydrosol samples, and volatile constituents varied with different homogenization pressures. Micro-morphological analysis showed more heterogeneous structures in HPH-treated samples compared to untreated hydrosols (UH). Stability measurements, including average particle size, Zeta potential, polydispersity index (PDI) and turbidity, showed that HPH-treated samples were more stable than UH under different temperature, pH value and storage period. The antioxidant activity of hydrosols was significantly enhanced with higher homogenizing pressure. The result imply that the high-pressure energy input could critically influence the chemical profiles and final quality of hydrosols. Furthermore, it can be stated that HPH could be an efficient approach to obtain the hydrosols with strengthening stability and biological activity, which could be used as potential food supplement or ingredient in cosmetics industry.