69‐3: Development of Black‐Pixel Define Layer with Half‐Tone Spacer Structure for Stylus‐Compatible Foldable OLED Displays

This study presents the successful implementation of black pixel define layer (BPDL) technology integrated with a novel half‐tone spacer structure, enabling stylus compatibility in foldable OLED displays. Through the development of an innovative half‐tone spacer design covering 50% of the BPDL with PSPI, mechanical stability and optical performance were significantly enhanced, leading to the world's first commercial application in the Galaxy Fold 3.