Attention to sexual stimuli and its relationship to sexual identity in the context of empirical studies with sexual minorities: a scoping review

Abstract Introduction In experimental sex research, attention to sexual stimuli is considered a well-established indicator of sexual interest, with patterns that differ across sexual orientations. While earlier studies primarily focused on heterosexual populations, recent research has increasingly explored attention in sexual minority individuals (SMIs). Building on the incentive motivation and information processing models of sexual response, it can be hypothesized that differences in the appraisal of sexual stimuli contribute to variations in individuals´ sexual responses, raising the possibility that attention to sexual stimuli may be related to individuals’ sexual identities. Objectives This scoping review aimed to map the existing literature on attention to sexual stimuli among SMIs and to clarify the relationship between attention to sexual stimuli and sexual identity. Methods A systematic literature search was conducted using PubMed, EBSCOhost, Web of Science, and ProQuest databases, adhering to the PRISMA guidelines for scoping reviews. Results The search resulted in 1107 records, 56 of which were included in the review. Overall, the results highlight patterns of automatic and controlled attention to sexual stimuli in SMIs. These findings are interpreted as reflecting attention-identity relationships in each sexual minority group. The review also suggests several areas for future research. Conclusion This review underscores opportunities to improve healthcare for SMIs by clarifying attentional patterns across non-heterosexual orientations and factors related to their sexual self-identification. The findings also offer valuable insights for clinicians in dealing with sexual identity conflicts and advancing sexual minorities´ mental health and well-being.