Predictive Value of Nervous Cell Injury Biomarkers in Moderate-to-Severe Traumatic Brain Injury

Our findings suggest that S100B, GFAP, NSE, and UCH-L1 have predictive value for mortality and functional outcomes in moderate/severe TBI. NSE was the most effective biomarker for predicting mortality. By contrast, UCH-L1 ranked highest for predicting unfavorable functional outcomes. Further research is needed to standardize protocols for measuring/providing data on biomarkers and to integrate them into predictive models for clinical use.