Ultrathin ultrastrong transparent films made from regenerated cellulose and epichlorohydrin

Thin films used in electronic devices are often petroleum-based, non-biodegradable, and non-renewable polymers. Herein, ultrathin ultrastrong regenerated cellulose films were made with a facile method by applying a solution of mildly carboxylated nanocellulose and various amounts of epichlorohydrin (ECH) as a crosslinker. The morphology and physiochemical properties of films were measured using FE-SEM, TEM, FTIR, NMR, UV–Vis, XRD, DLS, and TGA. Carboxylated cellulose with a charge content of 1.5 mmol/g was prepared to make alkaline dopes containing nanocrystalline cellulose (CNC). Then, ECH (0–50%) was added and the dope was blade cast, dried in an oven, regenerated in an acid bath, washed, and air dried to make uniform films approximately 1 μm thick. The tensile stress and elastic modulus of the films were measured and found to be 100–300 MPa and 5–12.7 GPa, respectively. Higher amounts of ECH led to stronger films. All films were over 96% transparent, insoluble in water, and absorbed 24–28% moisture. TGA analysis showed ultrathin films were thermally resistant up to 250 °C and were stable and unchanged over a month at 105 °C showing excellent thermal aging resistance. Overall, films with 5–10% ECH are extremely strong, which makes them promising bioresource-based candidates for flexible electronic applications.