Outcomes and cost‐effectiveness comparisons of progestin‐primed ovarian stimulation, GnRH antagonist protocol, and luteal phase stimulation for fertility preservation

Abstract Objective To compare the clinical outcomes and cost‐effectiveness of progestin‐primed ovarian stimulation (PPOS) and the gonadotropin‐releasing hormone‐antagonist (GnRH‐A) protocol in fertility preservation (FP) in cancer patients. The stimulation option when patients were in the luteal phase was also explored. Methods This retrospective study analyzed clinical data from 163 patients who underwent FP. The number of retrieved oocytes and vitrified oocytes/embryos, total dose of gonadotropin, duration of stimulation, number of injections, and cost were compared among the PPOS, GnRH‐A, and luteal phase stimulation (LPS) groups. Results No significant differences were noted in the numbers of retrieved oocytes and vitrified oocytes/embryos among the three groups. In the multiple regression model, age ( P = 0.02) and antral follicle count (AFC) ( P < 0.001), but not the controlled ovarian stimulation (COS) protocols ( P = 0.586), were associated with the number of retrieved oocytes. The number of injections and the cost were all significantly lower in the PPOS and LPS groups than in the GnRH‐A group( P < 0.001). Conclusion PPOS had similar clinical results but was superior medically and economically to GnRH‐A. For patients in the luteal phase, LPS was an optional protocol with similar outcomes and costs to PPOS.