Hydrogen leakage risk assessment for hydrogen refueling stations

Due to the high calorific value and cleanliness of hydrogen, the development of hydrogen energy has become an international trend in recent years. However, once the flammable and explosive hydrogen leaks, it is highly likely to explode and threaten people's health and property safety. In this paper, a dynamic risk analysis method of hydrogen leakage based on Dynamic Bayesian Network is proposed to address the uncertainty and dynamics of hydrogen leakage risk in hydrogen refueling stations. The applicability and advantages of the proposed method are demonstrated through a case study of hydrogen refueling stations. Using the probability updating and diagnostic inference functions of the Dynamic Bayesian Network, the probabilities of the hydrogen leakage accident and three accident consequences in hydrogen refueling stations within three years are evaluated and the critical fundamental events affecting the accident probability are identified. The probability of hydrogen leakage accident in hydrogen refueling stations at the initial time is estimated to be 4.44 × 10−2, and the probabilities of accident consequences are: C1 = 9.98 × 10−1, C2 = 1.55 × 10−3, C3 = 2.91 × 10−4. In the 36th month, the probability of hydrogen leakage in hydrogen refueling stations is evaluated to be 1.64 × 10−1, and the probabilities of accident consequences are calculated to be C1 = 9.93 × 10−1, C2 = 5.72 × 10−3, C3 = 1.07 × 10−3. Meanwhile, corresponding measures are proposed to further reduce the risk of hydrogen leakage in hydrogen refueling stations and provide theoretical guidance for the safety production of enterprises.