Dual-Atom Catalysts for the Hydrogen Evolution Reaction

Dual-atom catalysts (DACs) have gained great attention as highly efficient materials for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) due to their synergistic dual-site effects and high atomic utilization. This review explores how microenvironmental regulation, including electronic structure optimization and coordination design, influences DAC performance. Both homonuclear and heteronuclear types of DACs are analyzed in detail in terms of their site interactions and structural configurations. Moreover, recent advancements of DACs in HER applications under various pH conditions are discussed, highlighting their enhanced catalytic activity and mechanism. Despite challenges in synthesis and characterization, DACs represent a promising frontier for developing efficient HER catalysts and offer guidance for future research and scalable applications.