This chapter contains sections titled: The Recognition of Antiferroelectricity in Liquid Crystals Half-Integral Disclinations Antiferroelectric and Ferrielectric Phases A Complicated Surface Condition Landau Descriptions of Antiferroelectric and Ferrielectric Phases Ising Models Helix Models The Present Understanding of the Antiferroelectric Phases Freely Suspended Smectic Films Antiferroelectric Liquid Crystal Displays Thresholdless Smectic Modes