Surface-Duct Propagation Model for C/P Sonar Predictions

Abstract : This report is an extension of TRG's previous surface ship bottom bounce sonar prediction model to include the case of direct path propagation both to the potential target and reverberation sources. The tenets of valid sonar prediction are unchanged: in addition to an accurate estimate of the target echo level, one must include all significant reverberation components and sonar noise level to successfully forecast the sonar performance. The scattering sources for the surface duct problem are the same as for the bottom bounce mode their relative importance depends upon the mode of operation.