The use of second allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for hematologic malignancies relapsed after the first: Does it worth to do?

Allogeneic (allo) hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is the only curative option for many malignant and benign hematological disorders. It seems hopeless for patients who relapse after this strategy. In the era of developing breakthrough therapies, we can hope for better, but for patients relapsed after the first allo HSCT probably the best therapy option for long term survival is still another allo HSCT. Interval between first allo HSCT and relapse of primary disease and achievement of complete response after the relapse are the most prominent factors for long time survival for patient after second all HSCT.