A 2.5-Vpp PVT-insensitive high dynamic range output stage using bulk voltages adjustment

This paper presents a process, voltage, and temperature (PVT)-insensitive high dynamic range output stage for switched-capacitor (SC) circuits. A new technique of constant threshold voltages using bulk voltages adjustment is presented to realize the output stage with the N and P-type (N-P) complementary transistors. Boosting circuits are used to generate bulk voltages higher than the supply voltage or lower than the ground voltage. The stability of the bulk loop consisting of a boosting circuit, an amplifier, and a replica transistor is studied. This design is implemented in TSMC 0.18µm technology. Simulation results show that the output stage can achieve a differential dynamic range of 2.5Vpp, obtaining a significant 47% improvement.