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Developing time-resolved x-ray diffraction diagnostics at the National Ignition Facility (invited)

国家点火设施 衍射 计算机科学 激光器 光学 条纹 条纹照相机 物理 惯性约束聚变
作者
N. E. Palmer,L. R. Benedetti,Cara E. Vennari,P. R. Nyholm,Robert Petre,N. Bhandarkar,A. C. Carpenter,S. R. Nagel,J. H. Eggert,D. K. Bradley,A. J. Mackinnon,Y. Ping
出处
期刊:Review of Scientific Instruments [American Institute of Physics]
卷期号:95 (9) 被引量:2
标识
DOI:10.1063/5.0219574
摘要

As part of a program to measure phase transition timescales in materials under dynamic compression, we have designed new x-ray imaging diagnostics to record multiple x-ray diffraction measurements during a single laser-driven experiment. Our design places several ns-gated hybrid CMOS (hCMOS) sensors within a few cm of a laser-driven target. The sensors must be protected from an extremely harsh environment, including debris, electromagnetic pulses, and unconverted laser light. Another key challenge is reducing the x-ray background relative to the faint diffraction signal. Building on the success of our predecessor (Target Diffraction In Situ), we implemented a staged approach to platform development. First, we built a demonstration diagnostic (Gated Diffraction Development Diagnostic) with two hCMOS sensors to confirm we could adequately protect them from the harsh environment and also acquire acceptable diffraction data. This allowed the team to quickly assess the risks and address the most significant challenges. We also collected scientifically useful data during development. Leveraging what we learned, we recently developed a much more ambitious instrument (Flexible Imaging Diffraction Diagnostic for Laser Experiments) that can field up to eight hCMOS sensors in a flexible geometry and participate in back-to-back shots at the National Ignition Facility (NIF). The design also allows for future iterations, such as faster hCMOS sensors and an embedded x-ray streak camera. The enhanced capabilities of the new instrument required a much more complex design, and the unexpected issues encountered on the first few shots at NIF remind us that complexity has consequences. Our progress in addressing these challenges is described herein, as is our current focus on improving data quality by reducing x-ray background and quantifying the uncertainties of our diffraction measurements.
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