Enhanced thermo-electro-optical and dielectric properties of carbon nanoparticle-doped polymer dispersed liquid crystal based switchable windows

The effect of temperature as well as voltage on switchable smart windows was studied. These smart windows are composites of a polymer and a liquid crystal (LC) and collectively known as polymer dispersed liquid crystal (PDLC) films. In order to enhance the efficiency of the smart windows/PDLC films, the LC material was doped with carbon nano particles (CNP) in various concentrations ranging from 0 to 0.1%. To examine the efficacy and the temperature dependent performance of the CNP doped PDLC (CPDLC) film, firstly morphological and thermo-morphological studies were performed using polarizing optical microscopy (POM). POM in combination with temperature changes allows to record texture changes and the nematic-isotropic transition of the composite films for applied voltage. The complete electro-optical (EO) study comprising of voltage and temperature dependent transmittance, threshold voltage (Vth), saturation voltage (Vsat), contrast ratio (CR) and response time measurement was performed through an assembled EO set-up. To infer intermolecular cooperative processes between polymer and the dipoles of the LC, the relaxation mechanism of the composite films for various temperatures was studied by employing Debye and Cole-Cole models in dielectric spectroscopy. Parameters like dielectric strength and dissipation factor were determined to allow optimization of the CPDLC films.