特发性肺纤维化
医学
疾病
特发性间质性肺炎
吸入
流行病学
重症监护医学
环境卫生
病理
内科学
肺
精神科
作者
Sheiphali Gandhi,Roberto Tonelli,Margaret Murray,Anna Valeria Samarelli,Paolo Spagnolo
标识
DOI:10.3390/ijms242216481
摘要
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), the most common and severe of the idiopathic interstitial pneumonias, is a chronic and relentlessly progressive disease, which occurs mostly in middle-aged and elderly males. Although IPF is by definition "idiopathic", multiple factors have been reported to increase disease risk, aging being the most prominent one. Several occupational and environmental exposures, including metal dust, wood dust and air pollution, as well as various lifestyle variables, including smoking and diet, have also been associated with an increased risk of IPF, probably through interaction with genetic factors. Many of the predisposing factors appear to act also as trigger for acute exacerbations of the disease, which herald a poor prognosis. The more recent literature on inhalation injuries has focused on the first responders in the World Trade Center attacks and military exposure. In this review, we present an overview of the environmental and occupational causes of IPF and its pathogenesis. While our list is not comprehensive, we have selected specific exposures to highlight based on their overall disease burden.
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