Dynamic Simulations on Enhanced Heat Recovery Using Heat Exchange PCM Fluid for Solar Collector

Facing the goal of carbon neutrality, energy supply chains should be more low-carbon and flexible. A solar chemical heat pump (SCHP) is a potential system for achieving this goal. Our previous studies developed a silicone-oil-based phase-change material (PCM) mixture as a PCM fluid for enhancing heat recovery above 373 K in the solar collector (SC) of the SCHP. The PCM fluid was previously tested to confirm its dispersity and flow properties. The present study proposed a 3D computational fluid dynamics model to simulate the closed circulation loop between the SC and reactor using the PCM fluid. The recovered heat in the SC was studied using several flow rates, as well as the PCM weight fraction of the PCM fluid. Furthermore, the net transportable energy is considered to evaluate the ratio of recovered heat and relative circulation power. As a result, it was verified that the recovered heat of the SC in the experiment and simulation is consistent. The total recovered heat is improved using the PCM fluid. A lower flow rate can enhance the PCM melting mass and the recovered heat although sensible heat amount increases with the flow rate. The best flow rate was 1 L/min when the SC area is 1 m2. Furthermore, the higher PCM content has higher latent heat. On the other hand, the lower content PCM can increase the temperature difference between the SC inlet and outlet because of the lower PCM heat capacity. For the 1 L/min flow rate, 2 wt% PCM fluid has shorter heat-storing time and larger net transportable energy than 0 wt% PCM fluid (426 kJ←403 kJ) for the SCHP unit.