2D computational photodetectors enabling multidimensional optical information perception

Multidimensional optical information, encompassing spatiotemporal intensity, spectral composition, and polarization, enables a wide range of advanced applications, including environmental monitoring, biomedical imaging, and optical communications. Two-dimensional van der Waals (2D vdW) materials have emerged as promising platforms for detecting such diverse optical signals. This Review highlights recent progress in 2D-based computational photodetectors, with a focus on static and dynamic intensity sensing, spectral reconstruction, and Stokes parameter measurement. Representative device concepts, including neuromorphic vision sensors, computational spectrometers, and miniaturized polarimeters, are discussed in terms of their operating principles and sensing capabilities. Moreover, we propose future directions for high-dimensional optical information acquisition and advanced device development, emphasizing coordinated advancements in detection performance, perception functionality, and chip-level integration. This Review highlights recent progress in 2D-materials-based computational photodetectors, including neuromorphic vision sensors, computational spectrometers, and miniaturized polarimeters, toward multidimensional optical information perception of light intensity, spectrum, and polarization states.