Non-radical process of the removal of bisphenol A via the activation of peroxymonosulfate by nitrogen and iron–copper co-doped biochar: the origination of singlet oxygen and the important role of oxygen vacancies

The complete non-radical process of the removal of BPA was recognized in the FeCu–N@OC500/PMS system with 1 O 2 generated from PMS as the main ROS by the synergetic effect of oxygen vacancies and cyclic catalytic metals.