Liposome-encapsulated AICAR hydrogel regulates macrophage metabolic reprogramming via SIK1 activation to alleviate osteoarthritis

This study identifies SIK1 as a novel biomarker for diagnosing and monitoring the progression of OA. The anti-inflammatory effects of its agonist, AICAR, were validated, underscoring its role in reprogramming macrophage glucose and lipid metabolism. Furthermore, the development of Gel@Lipo@AICAR, a nanoliposome composite hydrogel, presents a promising therapeutic strategy for the treatment of OA.