电解质
材料科学
超级电容器
电化学窗口
电化学
化学工程
电容
碳酸乙烯酯
溶剂化
储能
分子
纳米技术
电极
离子电导率
有机化学
化学
热力学
功率(物理)
物理
物理化学
工程类
作者
Erqi Yang,Xiaoyu Shi,Lixin Wu,Hongtao Zhang,Lin Hu,Hanqing Liu,Tong Bai,Jieqiong Qin,Yan Yu,Shaoxu Wang,Zhong‐Shuai Wu
标识
DOI:10.1002/adfm.202313395
摘要
Abstract High‐concentration electrolyte effectively improves the energy density and anti‐freezing property of aqueous micro‐supercapacitors (MSCs), endowing them the opportunity serving as power sources for miniaturized electronics. However, the excessive usage of salt significantly increases the cost of the electrolyte. Herein, a cost‐effective moderate‐concentration hybrid electrolyte is designed by introducing CaCl 2 and ethylene glycerol (EG) additives for low‐temperature and high‐voltage MSCs. The results manifest that the introduction of CaCl 2 minimizes the number of water molecules with strong hydrogen bonds while the addition of EG can reduce the amount of H 2 O molecules in the primary solvation shell sheath of Ca 2+ ion and strengthen the hydrogen bonds between EG and water molecules, thus endowing the optimal electrolyte with a wide electrochemical stability window of 3.5 V and a freezing point lower than −120 °C. Furthermore, the resulting hybrid MSCs offer a high voltage of 1.6 V, and realize 62% capacitance retention at −40 °C compared to that at room temperature. Moreover, The MSCs can endure 20000 cycles with 98.5% capacitance retention at −40 °C. This work provides a meaningful guidance for designing low‐cost moderate‐concentration hybrid electrolyte with wide electrochemical stability window and anti‐freezing property for intrinsically safe and environmentally adaptable devices.
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