微尺度化学
电解质
材料科学
阳极
微加工
纳米技术
超级电容器
原电池
相间
化学工程
电极
电容
冶金
化学
病理
替代医学
物理化学
数学教育
制作
工程类
生物
医学
数学
遗传学
作者
Zhe Qu,Jiachen Ma,Yang Huang,Tianming Li,Tang Hong-mei,Xiaoyu Wang,Siyuan Liu,Kai Zhang,Jinlin Lu,Dmitriy D. Karnaushenko,Daniil Karnaushenko,Minshen Zhu,Oliver G. Schmidt
标识
DOI:10.1002/adma.202310667
摘要
Abstract Zn batteries show promise for microscale applications due to their compatibility with air fabrication but face challenges like dendrite growth and chemical corrosion, especially at the microscale. Despite previous attempts in electrolyte engineering, achieving successful patterning of electrolyte microscale devices has remained challenging. Here, successful patterning using photolithography is enabled by incorporating caffeine into a UV‐crosslinked polyacrylamide hydrogel electrolyte. Caffeine passivates the Zn anode, preventing chemical corrosion, while its coordination with Zn 2+ ions forms a Zn 2+ ‐conducting complex that transforms into ZnCO 3 and 2ZnCO 3 ·3Zn(OH) 2 over cycling. The resulting Zn‐rich interphase product significantly enhances Zn reversibility. In on‐chip microbatteries, the resulting solid‐electrolyte interphase allows the Zn||MnO 2 full cell to cycle for over 700 cycles with an 80% depth of discharge. Integrating the photolithographable electrolyte into multilayer microfabrication creates a microbattery with a 3D Swiss‐roll structure that occupies a footprint of 0.136 mm 2 . This tiny microbattery retains 75% of its capacity (350 µAh cm −2 ) for 200 cycles at a remarkable 90% depth of discharge. The findings offer a promising solution for enhancing the performance of Zn microbatteries, particularly for on‐chip microscale devices, and have significant implications for the advancement of autonomous microscale devices.
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