Research Progress in Modeling and Evaluation of Cooperative Operation System-of-Systems for Manned–Unmanned Aerial Vehicles

The research of Cooperative Operation System-of-Systems (COSoS) for manned aerial vehicles (MAV) and unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) has garnered significant attention recently due to its potential to enhance the situational awareness, expand mission capabilities, and reduce pilot risk. A critical aspect of this research is the modeling and effectiveness evaluation of MAV/UAV COSoS. This article presents a review of current research on MAV/UAV COSoS modeling and evaluation methods. First, the definition of MAV/UAV COSoS is clarified, and its composition is described. Second, the latest research progress on MAV/UAV COSoS modeling methods based on standard framework-based modeling and complex network-based modeling is presented. Differences between the two types of methods in characterizing MAV/UAV COSoS are then summarized. Next, this article introduces the research progress on MAV/UAV COSoS effectiveness evaluation methods and concludes by summarizing the advantages and disadvantages of evaluation methods and evaluation index systems in MAV/UAV COSoS. Finally, future trends and possible research directions are suggested.