Investigation of the Optimal Fast Charging Strategy without Lithium Plating for Lithium-Ion Batteries

Lithium-ion batteries are an essential component of space power systems. Preventing lithium plating during the fast charging of lithium-ion batteries can ensure the safety and reliability of space power systems. However, there are some shortcomings in the current research on fast charging strategies. On the one hand, the limitation of lithium plating on the charging current rate is less considered during fast charging. On the other hand, the investigation into fast charging strategies without lithium plating is insufficient; the difference among charging strategies in terms of their performance has not been discussed in depth. In our work, firstly, a pseudo-2-dimensional electrochemical model considering lithium plating side reactions was developed, and a charging optimization cosimulation system was built with a fuzzy-proportional–integral–derivative controller combined. Secondly, 4 optimized fast charging strategies without lithium plating are proposed, substantially shortening the charging time without a marked reduction in charging capacity compared with traditional constant-current charging methods. Thirdly, the differences in the charging effects of differing charging strategies were quantitatively analyzed in 4 dimensions, charging time, charging capacity, charging energy, and charging efficiency, and the applicable scenarios of different charging strategies are discussed. Finally, the proposed fast charging strategies were verified by experiments at 10 and 25 °C. The study results quantitatively reveal the differences between differing fast-charging strategies and provide a valuable reference for the design of charging strategies in different scenarios.