The Impact of Smoking on Low Back Pain and Disability

This study identified a dose-response relationship between smoking and increased low back pain (LBP) severity and disability, particularly among individuals with ≥ 10 pack years, strengthened by the robust propensity score-matched design. By highlighting the independent effect of smoking on pain and disability, these findings emphasise the role of Smoking in the development of LBP and the potential importance of smoking cessation as a critical component in managing LBP.